Infos

Sie befinden sich aktuell in den Balkanforum Balkanblog.org Blog-Archiven für den folgenden Tag 3.5.2007.

Links

Archive für 3.5.2007

The real scandal at the World Bank: The Bank is killing thousands of the poorest people in the world

The real scandal at the World Bank: The Bank is killing thousands of the poorest people in the world
Global Research, May 3, 2007
The Independent - 2007-04-27

While the world’s press has been fixated on the teeny-weeny scandal over whether the World Bank president Paul Wolfowitz helped to get his girlfriend a $300,000-a-year gig next door, they have been ignoring the rancid stench of a far bigger scandal wafting from Wolfie’s Washington offices.

This slo-mo scandal isn’t about apparent petty corruption in DC. It’s about how Wolfowitz’s World Bank is killing thousands of the poorest people in the world, and knowingly worsening our worst crisis - global warming - every day.

Let’s start with the victims. Meet Hawa Amadu, 70-something, living in the muddy slums of Accra, the capital of Ghana, and trying to raise her grandkids as best she can. Hawa has a problem - a massive problem - and the World Bank put it there. She can’t afford water or electricity any more. Why? The World Bank threatened to refuse to lend any more money to her government, which would effectively make it a leper to governmental donors and international business, unless it stopped subsidising the cost of these necessities. The subsidies stopped. The cost doubled. Now Hawa goes thirsty so her grandchildren can drink, and weeps: “Am I supposed to drink air?”

She is not alone. Half a world away, in Bolivia, Maxima Cari - a mother - is also thirsty. “The World Bank took away my right to clean water,” she explains. In 1997 the World Bank demanded the Bolivian government privatise the country’s water supply. So Maxima couldn’t afford it any more. Now she has to use dirty water from a well her villagers dug. This dirty water is making her children sick, and she is sullen. “I wash my children weekly,” Maxima says. “Sometimes there’s only enough water to wash their hands and faces, not their whole body … This is not a nice way to live.” The newly elected socialist government of Evo Morales is planning to take the water back - and he is, of course, condemned and threatened by the World Bank.

Meet some more victims. I have met hundreds, from Africa to Latin America to the Middle East. Muracin Claircin is a rice farmer in Haiti - only he can’t grow rice any more. In 1995, the World Bank demanded Haiti drop all restrictions on imports. The country was immediately flooded with rice from the US, which has been lavishly subsidised by the US government. The Haitian government barely exists and can’t offer rival subsidies anyway: the World Bank forbids it. So now Muracin is jobless and his family are starving.

Some 5,000 miles away, Charles Avaala in Ghana is watching his tomatoes rot. He used to grow them for a government-owned community tomato cannery that provided employment for his entire community. The World Bank ordered his government to close it down, and to open the country’s markets to international competition. Now he can’t compete with the subsidy-fattened tomatoes from Europe. He, too, is starving.

How would Hawa and Maxima and Muracin and Charles feel if you told them none of this is considered a scandal, but business as usual?

These victims are not merely an anecdote soup; they are an accurate summary of the World Bank’s effect on the poor. Don’t take my word for it. The World Bank’s own Independent Evaluation Group just found that barely one in ten of its borrowers experienced persistent growth between 1995 and 2005 - a much smaller proportion than those who stagnated or slid deeper into poverty. The bank’s own former chief economist, Nobel Prize-winner Joseph Stiglitz, says this approach “has condemned people to death… They don’t care if people live or die.”

Why? Why would a body that claims to help the poor actually thrash them? Because its mission to end poverty has always been mythical. As George Monbiot explains in his book The Age of Consent, the World Bank was created in the 1940s by US economist Henry Dexter White to be a further projection of US power. The bank’s head is invariably American, the bank is based in Washington, and the US has a permanent veto on policies. It does not promote a sensible mix of markets and state action - the real path to development. No: the World Bank pursues the interests of US corporations over the poor, every time.

The bank’s staff salve their consciences by pickling themselves in an ideology - neoliberalism - that says there is never a conflict between business rights and human rights. If it’s good for Shell, it must be good for poor people - right?

This ideology also backfires on us in the rich world. In 2000, the World Bank was finally forced to undertake a review of its energy policies. It did its best to rig it, putting the former energy minister of the corporation-licking Indonesian dictator General Suharto in charge. Emil Salim was even serving on the board of a coal company at the time he was appointed. But - to everyone’s astonishment - Salim concluded by opposing the carbon-pumping oil and gas projects that make up 94 per cent of all the bank’s energy projects. He said they should be stopped altogether by 2008.

The bank’s response? It ignored its own report and carried on warming. The business climate, it seems, trumps the actual climate. Feel the heat.

While the elites huff and puff about Wolfowitz’s alleged small corruption and ignore his organisation’s proven immense corruption, there is something we - ordinary citizens - can do. In the summer of 2001, at the global justice protests in Genoa, I met Dennis Brutus, a former inmate of Robben Island prison alongside Nelson Mandela. He had been repelled by the bank’s actions in South Africa, and started his protests against them by asking a very basic question: who owns the World Bank? It turns out we do. Ordinary people in the West - through their trade unions, churches, town councils, universities and private investments - own it. The bank raises nearly all its funds by issuing bonds on the private market. They are often held by socially minded institutions, the kind who signed up to Make Poverty History. So, Brutus realised, we have a simple power: to sell the bonds and bankrupt the World Bank. “We need to break the power of the World Bank over developing countries just as the disinvestment movement helped break the power of the apartheid regime in South Africa,” he explained.

The campaign to make World Bank bonds as untouchable as apartheid-era investments has already begun. The cities of San Francisco, Boulder, Oakland and Berkeley have sold theirs. Several US unions have also joined. Even this small ripple has caused anxiety within the bank about the threat to its “AAA” bond rating.

In the Genoa sun, as tear gas fired by the Italian police hissed in the background, Brutus told me: “I lived to see the death of political apartheid. Now I want to live to see the end of global financial apartheid.”

This is the fight we should join. Not some petty squabble over which Washington technocrat is morally pure enough to lead the forces of subsidy-slashing and starvation.

j.hari@independent.co.uk

The url address of this article is: www.globalresearch.ca/PrintArticle.php?articleId=5551

Der CIA organsiert den Weltweiten Drogen Handel

Erfolg für die CIA

21.11.2004

Websites, die eine tiefgehende Verstrickung der amerikanischen CIA in den internationalen Drogenhandel belegen sind mindestens so zahlreich wie ebensolche Bücher - hier sei nur auf “Im Namen des Staates” von Andreas von Bülow und das englischsprachige “White-out: CIA, Drugs and the Press” von Alexander Cockburn und Jeffrey St.Clair hingewiesen.In den letzten Jahren der Herrschaft der Taliban war die Opiumproduktion in Afghanistan praktisch zum Erliegen gekommen, da die Taliban ihr Verbot für die Produktion von Opium streng und rücksichtslos durchsetzten.

Seit ihrem Sturz steigt die Opium-Produktion in dem Land allerdings wieder drastisch an.

So berichteten die Vereinten Nationen am Donnerstag, daß die Opium-Produktion in Afghanistan in diesem Jahr trotz schlechtem Wetter bei 4.200 Tonnen lag. Der Opiumanbau war im Vergleich zum Vorjahr um 64 Prozent angestiegen.

87 Prozent des weltweit gehandelten Opiums stammt heute aus Afghanistan. Mit einer geschätzten Gesamthöhe von 2,8 Milliarden US-Dollar entspricht der Opiumhandel 60 Prozent des legalen Bruttoinlandsprodukts des Landes. Jeder zehnte Arbeiter im Land ist in dieser “Industrie” beschäftigt.

Ein Bericht des britischen Independent vom Freitag läßt keinen Zweifel daran, daß die großen Drogenhändler gut Beziehungen zur “afghanischen Regierung” haben, die wiederum mehr als gute Beziehungen zur US-Regierung hat.

Ein ehemaliger Insasse des Gefängnisses Pol-i-Charki in der Nähe Kabuls, sagte gegenüber der BBC: “So wie ich es sehe, haben diese Drogenbarone gute Beziehungen zur Regierung und deshalb werden sie nie verhaftet. Ich glaube, wenn die Regierung es ernst meinen würde, könnten sie die schweren Jungs verhaften, statt kleine Leute wie mich zu ärgern.”

Das gleiche sagte auch ein Mitarbeiter einer Hilfsorganisation in Jalalabad. “Die Leute sagen, daß einer der örtlichen Beamten in der Provinz Nangarahar 700 Tonnen Opium hat. Das sind Typen, die für die Amerikaner gegen die Taliban gekämpft haben, jetzt verdienen sie großes Geld mit Opium. Nimmt will dieses Geschäft in Afghanistan. Aber wird die Regierung hinter den großen Akteuren, die einen Markt schaffen und den Handel abwickeln, her sein oder hinter den Bauern, die versuchen zu überleben?”

Diese Frage ist sowohl von der “afghanischen Regierung” als auch den Besatzungstruppen und deren Spezialeinheiten zur Drogenbekämpfung bisher ausschließlich zu Ungunsten der Bauern beantwortet worden.

Serbien: Umstrittene Privatisierungen

Fokus Ost-Südost | 03.05.2007
Serbien: Umstrittene Privatisierungen

Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: Privatisierung gegen Provison für Politiker?
Die Privatisierung staatlicher Firmen in Serbien gerät zunehmend in die Kritik. Als dubios gilt insbesondere der zweimalige Verkauf der größten Kupfermine des Balkan RTB Bor und des ältesten Reiseveranstalters Putinik.

Ein Ausschuss der serbischen Regierung hat Ende vergangener Woche vorgeschlagen, den Verkauf der Kupfermine und des Schmelzwerks RTB Bor im Dreiländereck zu Bulgarien und Rumänien erneut auszuschreiben, statt einen Vertrag mit dem zweithöchsten Bieter abzuschließen, nachdem das erstplazierte rumänische Unternehmen Cuprom in der vorgesehenen Frist keine Bankbürgschaft hinterlegen konnte. Ähnlich verlief es auch bei der Privatisierung des Reiseveranstalters Putnik, der ebenfalls zweimal zum Verkauf ausgeschrieben wurde.

Fette Provisionen für Politiker?

Allem Anschein nach ist darin die Politik verstrickt, da es sich um große und lukrative staatliche Unternehmen handelt. Serbische Experten behaupten gar, dass dahinter illegale Geschäfte stünden, die mit Gefängnisstrafen enden könnten. Dahinter vermutet wird die Regierung von Vojislav Kostunica, die mit allen Mitteln versucht, an der Macht zu bleiben. In einem fieberhaften Wettrennen mit der Zeit versuchte sie derzeit offenbar, so viel Staatseigentum wie möglich zu veräußern. Und das auf eine Art und Weise, die in der Öffentlichkeit Zweifel an der Privatisierungspolitik aufkommen lässt.

Die Operation Bor geriet vom ersten Moment an unter Kritik, als sich herausstellte, dass bei der Ausschreibung Presseberichten zufolge ein eher dubioses rumänischen Unternehmen gewonnen hatte. Offenbar verfügte es auch nicht über ausreichen Eigenkapital für ein so großes Geschäft und war auch nicht in der Lage die erforderlichen Bankbürgschaften vorzulegen bzw. einen entsprechenden Kredit von den Banken zu erhalten.

Wirtschaftsexperte Miroslav Prokopijevic, vom Institut für europäische Studien in Belgrad, äußerte öffentlich, er sei davon überzeugt, in diesem Fall habe jemand aus der Regierung eine “fette Provision” erhalten. Auch wenn es sich am Ende herausgestellt habe, dass dies nicht so einfach auszuführen und nun die Regierung in Nöten sei.

Putnik gleich zweimal verkauft

Der Fall Putnik ist noch seltsamer, wenn man bedenkt, dass der älteste Reiseveranstalter in Serbien, der mehrere Hotels an attraktiven Standorten und sogar eine Insel in Montenegro sein eigen nennt, zunächst verkauft wurde. Noch in der vorletzten Legislaturperiode wurde es von der Regierung an eine amerikanische Firma verkauft, deren Eigentümer serbischer Abstammung ist. Nun wird über die Gesetzmäßigkeit der Transaktion in einem Schiedsverfahren vor der Internationalen Handelskammer in Paris entschieden.

Doch obwohl das Schiedsurteil noch nicht feststeht, hat die Regierung den erneuten Verkauf von Putnik ausgeschrieben. Daraufhin meldete sich praktisch als einziger Interessent ein großes russisches Unternehmen. Kurz vor einem Abschluss gab der staatliche Reiseveranstalter dann allerdings vor, es sich anders überlegt zu haben und ging an die Belgrader Börse. Dort kaufte dann eine angeblich zyprische Firma in einer Blitzaktion unmittelbar nach Börsenstart für 60 Millionen Euro Putnik. Dies sorgte für viel Aufsehen. Wirtschaftsminister Predrag Bubalo versicherte indes der Öffentlichkeit, dass alles sauber und rechtens sei.

Lange Liste dubioser Geschäfte

Unterdessen behauptet der russische Geschäftsmann Dmitrij Lucenko, er sei betrogen worden und alles sei illegal abgelaufen. Hinter diesen Praktiken würden serbische Tycoons stehen, die in der Milosevic-Ära zu Reichtum gelangt seien. Nun forderte er die Unterstützung von – nicht mehr und nicht minder – als von der russischen Duma. Die wandte sich wiederum an die serbische Skupschtina. Doch die Abgeordneten des serbischen Parlaments scheinen im Augenblick mit anderen Themen beschäftigt. Doch wenn sie sich eines Tages mit den Skandalen befassen, die in Verbindung mit der Regierung von Premier Kostunica gebracht werden, werden sie viel zu tun haben, denn die Liste der Beschuldigten ist lang – angefangen von der Privatisierung von Knjaz Milos, Vecernje Novosti usw.

Stevan Niksic, Belgrad
DW-RADIO/Serbisch, 27.4.2007, Fokus Ost-Südost

Kosovo rich in cultural heritage

Kosovo rich in cultural heritage

14/12/2006

Although the issue is a hurdle in the status talks, Kosovo boasts a rich cultural heritage of Orthodox churches and monasteries — some of which are under the protection and patronage of UNESCO.

By Igor Jovanovic for Southeast European Times in Belgrade – 14/12/06

The Visoki Decani Monastery made the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2004. [UNMIK]

A sticking point in the Kosovo status talks is that of cultural heritage between the Kosovo Albanians and the Serbs. During the seventh round of talks in July, the two-day meeting focused on the protection of religious and cultural heritage. The two sides remain deadlocked on a number of issues, including Serbia’s calls for protection zones around 39 Orthodox monasteries, churches and other sites.

The Serbs see the province as both the cradle of their state and their spirituality since the Middle Ages. Kosovo was once considered Serbia’s cultural centre. The Battle of Kosovo in 1389, when Serb nobles stood up to the Turks, is seen as one of the most important events in Serbian history, and inspired generations of Serbs who have fought for freedom through the centuries. After the battle, the Turks began their domination of Serbia that would last 500 years.

The Albanians, on the other hand, see themselves as the descendants of the Illyrians, a pre-Roman people that disintegrated in the 3rd century. This lineage leads the province’s majority population to say they are “the true autochthon population of the Balkans”.

However, there is no firm scientific evidence of this. Serbian historians say that Kosovo, when it was inhabited by Serb tribes around the 10th century, was mostly unpopulated. Kosovo’s many cultural monuments originated in the Middle Ages when Serbian ruler Stefan Nemanja (1166-1199) united the divided lands and laid the foundation for a prosperous medieval state. A flourish of creative and artistic expression that made its mark in Kosovo’s monuments dates from this period and lasted until the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, when the province came under Turkish rule.

Some of the most beautiful Byzantine architecture is found in present-day Kosovo, a crossroads of cultures, traditions and influences. Today Kosovo has a visible, rich array of Byzantine-style Orthodox churches and monasteries dating from the Middle Ages.

Some of the most important monuments are the Visoki Decani Orthodox monastery built in 1334, the Holy Virgin of Ljevis cathedral in Prizren, built in 1307, and the monastery of Gracanica dating from 1320. These monuments, inspired by Byzantine architecture, were built largely by the Western masters, featuring frescoes of impressive beauty with scenes from the Gospels, as well as selected portraits of Serb rulers of the time.

The synthesis of Western and Byzantine medieval traditions, of Romanesque architecture found in the expression of Serb-Byzantine fresco paintings, accounts for much of the richness of cultural heritage in Kosovo.

In recent years, the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation’s World Heritage Committee has approved the addition of some of the monuments to its list, such as the Visoki Decani Monastery in 2004, making them part of the cultural heritage of all Kosovars.
This content was commissioned for SETimes.com
http://setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/features/2006/12/14/feature-02

Confusion, concern over unemployment in Macedonia

Confusion, concern over unemployment in Macedonia

03/05/2007

The latest official figures show the number of jobless is on the rise. However, problems with the reporting system make it hard to pin down specifics.

By Zoran Nikolovski for Southeast European Times in Skopje - 03/05/07

Unemployment and poverty are chief problems in Macedonia. [Getty Images]

Unemployment, one of the most serious problems in Macedonia, is rising again. According to the latest statistics from the State Employment Agency, 372,078 people were without jobs in February 2007, compared to 361,335 in October 2006 — an increase of nearly 11,000.

Officially, the unemployment rate is estimated at 37%, putting Macedonia at the top of countries in Europe. However, many local experts believe the figures are unrealistic. They argue that the way official statistical records are kept does not provide objective results.

The key problem is that unemployment data is based on the number of people who register at the employment agency so they can receive health insurance “blue cards”. But many Macedonians work in the informal or “grey” economy, or at enterprises where they are paid under the table. Even though they are generating income, they register as unemployed for the purpose of gaining access to the state health insurance system.

Similarly, farmers often register as unemployed, again for the purpose of getting a blue card.

Successive governments have tried to address the problem, but without result. When President Branko Crvenkovski was prime minister, his administration offered tax relief to companies as an incentive to come clean, but the effects were miniscule.

Subsequently, former Prime Minister Vlado Buckovski tried to update the list of unemployed by erasing those who had not reported for more than six months. Around 85,000 people were dropped from the lists in 2005 and 2006, but many have started reporting again.

The most recent idea is to have the Health Fund issue the blue cards instead of the Employment Agency. That way, farmers and temporary employees would not have to list themselves as jobless. As a result, the unemployment level is expected to drop by about 100,000.

According to unofficial estimates, the actual unemployment rate — that is, representing people who do not have an income or steady work — is closer to 20%. This figure is still high, and the government of Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski is under pressure to make good on campaign promises to boost employment.

The government hopes the introduction of new tax rates — the lowest in Europe — will spur investment and create opportunities.
This content was commissioned for SETimes.com

Serbia prepares to head CoE committee

Serbia prepares to head CoE committee

03/05/2007

Serbia’s plan to include the civil sector in its upcoming chairmanship of the CoE Committee of Ministers is an innovative one, according to Secretary-General Terry Davis.

By Davor Konjikusic for Southeast European Times in Belgrade - 03/05/07

CoE Secretary-General Terry Davis was in Belgrade last month. [Getty Images]

During his recent visit to Belgrade, Council of Europe (CoE) Secretary-General Terry Davis praised the programme that Serbia intends to enact when it takes over the chairmanship of the CoE’s Committee of Ministers later this month.

In particular, Davis welcomed the government’s plans to include the civil sector.

“It is an interesting aspect, which none of the countries has used so far, that the government included NGOs, so that it is a national and not only governmental programme,” Davis said after reviewing the plan.

Speaking at a joint press conference with Foreign Minister Vuk Draskovic, he said Serbia’s upcoming term of office is not only a challenge and responsibility for the country, but also an opportunity to demonstrate a leading position both in the region and in Europe.

Serbia takes up the chairmainshp on May 11th. The Council of Europe includes 46 states, representing 800 million people.

While in Belgrade, Davis took part in a meeting of the committee responsible for the preparation of Serbia’s chairmanship. He met with President Boris Tadic, Draskovic,

Kosovo Co-ordination Centre President Sanda Raskovic-Ivic and a parliamentary delegation.

Serbia is expected to ratify the Law on Prohibition of Human Trafficking as soon as possible and to adopt the Law on NGOs, Davis said. Two years ago, Serbia signed the convention on the fight against human trafficking, but it has not been ratified by Parliament.

Serbian Ambassador to the CoE Sladana Prica said the upcoming chairmanship is a chance for Serbia to improve its international image. “We will prove that Serbia, despite its problems, is a democratic European state,” she said.
This content was commissioned for SETimes.com

|